Photograph courtesy Vitra

In conversation with Khushnu Panthaki and Sonke Hoof

In the wake of the Doshi Retreat’s opening at Vitra, the architects behind the space for contemplation articulate a meditation on legacy, spatial consciousness and the evolving language of Indian architecture

BY

All eyes are on Vitra. Yet what is perhaps the most anticipated structure in the world remains perplexingly silent. Therein lies its provocation. Patina-covered walls emerge from the lush terrain, warping, folding and curving into themselves. Within, an almost unbelievable quiet prevails, interrupted only by the treble of a gong, its resonance drifting through the ether and evoking the uncertain intangibility of spirit. The Doshi Retreat stands apart from its predecessors on the storied campus in Germany, distinct both in form and conception. Designed by Khushnu Panthaki Hoof and Sönke Hoof in collaboration with the much-revered Pritzker laureate Dr B.V. Doshi, this space for contemplation invites multiple readings, some provoked by its physical gestures, others more subliminal, discernible only through their spatial and temporal conditions. Each architectural form on the Vitra Campus functions as both a barometer of the zeitgeist and a projection toward the future. Situated among the greats: Zaha Hadid, who tested the limits of form; Frank Gehry, who questioned the validity of meaning through Derridean Deconstructivism; and Buckminster Fuller, who probed the geometry of the atoms that constitute the human body, the Retreat instead turns inward, beyond materiality and toward the metaphysical. Rolf Fehlbaum, furniture designer and former chairperson of Vitra, elucidates why, “The world has shifted. Confrontation, polarisation, war and authoritarianism have become increasingly prevalent.” For him, a space reflecting Doshi’s values is more crucial than ever. Rolf continues, “He built bridges between East and West, between science and spirituality, tradition and modernity, and his world was one of humility, generosity, humour and reconciliation. Values that are very, very much needed today.” In a series of reflections, Khushnu and Sönke, who lead Studio SANGATH in Ahmedabad, unravel the making of an architecture that speaks to our time, in the pursuit of presence itself.

Could you walk us through the process of collaborating with Doshi on the Retreat, from the first idea to the realisation?

It all began with a conversation about what we wanted people to feel. That led to all three of us describing places where we had experienced a sense of calm. From there, our dialogue evolved, and we agreed that the journey itself is crucial to arriving at a place of stillness and presence. We developed several models in clay and foam, experimenting with different ways of creating that journey. One thing we knew for certain was that it could not be linear but rather a subtle choreography of movement and slight disorientation, so that even momentarily one might lose oneself and become truly present. A few months later, we presented five iterations of what the Retreat’s journey could be to Doshi. Among them was an intertwined path where one gradually descends into the ground and then re-emerges. When Doshi saw this model, it reminded him of a dream from his childhood, of two intertwined cobras in his ancestral home. We took that as a sign, almost intuitively, to develop it further. The project began with shared curiosity, intuition and presence rather than blueprints. This recollection of his dream became our anchor, a metaphorical and physical framework. The process was tactile and guided by modelling and experimentation. From there, we translated the idea of the intertwined path into concrete spatial decisions: the slope and curvature of the path, its length and width, its depth, the rounded edges to create a sense of embrace, the lowest point to heighten intimacy, and the proportions of the gong chamber to balance sound and scale, all attuned to human presence.

Photograph courtesy Vitra

At what point did the process move from working alongside him to carrying the work forward yourselves?

We began working together from the very start. When Doshi received the call from Rolf asking if he would consider building a shrine on the Vitra Campus, he immediately called us and said, “Let us work on this together. Whether it gets built or not, let us enjoy the process.” That was the spirit in which we began, without expectation, only exploration. In the early stages, we spent months discussing sacred spaces and stillness through dialogue and reflection, asking questions about feeling and presence. These words became the seeds of our design. As the project evolved, we translated those insights into design decisions such as the rhythm of the path, the depth below ground, the framing of the sky, and the proportions of the gong chamber. We introduced subtle ambiguity and a sense of threshold or in-betweenness that encourages awareness of being. Doshi passed away in January 2023. After that, we often found ourselves wondering what he might have said. He had entrusted us with great responsibility by giving us complete freedom, like a mentor testing us. Our years of working with him, and the memory of our conversations became our guide in his absence. The Retreat is both our offering to him and his gift to us, the most precious one, his trust.

Photograph courtesy Vitra
Photograph courtesy Vitra

Can you recall the first time you presented the design to Rolf in April 2022?

He embraced it, even though he was expecting a 2 mtr x 2 mtr space, and this was over 75 mtr long. A few minutes later we were at the Wunderkammer, a space where Rolf’s personal collection of robots, and other rockets are displayed. My grandfather called to ask how it went. I handed the call to Rolf, and Doshi asked, “Did you see what Khushnu and Sönke have designed? Hope you are happy.” Rolf said, “I am very happy with it. It’s beyond my expectations,” and that’s how the realisation of the project began.

Each architect at the Vitra Campus has left a defining mark, yet every building captures a moment in architectural time. How does the Retreat reflect the spirit of the present?

The Retreat engages with contemporary concerns of sustainability, low-impact materials and experiential engagement while emphasising human presence and contemplation. Within the architectural archive of the Vitra campus, it reflects a sensibility that is immersive, tactile and reflective. It exists as both a threshold and a journey that invites slowing down, heightens awareness and encourages presence. Moreover, it belongs to everyone; it is fluid, inclusive and open to interpretation and dialogue. What relevance does Vitra hold for architects today, and why should the world continue to look towards it? Its relevance lies in its ability to inspire dialogue between past, present and future. It functions as a living laboratory for experimentation and reflection, a museum within a museum within a museum. It is multilayered, and within those layers exist silent conversations across generations and histories. It remains a source of inspiration with a timeless, inviting quality. What began as a furniture factory has, through Rolf’s vision, become a cultural landmark. It is his vision that keeps Vitra ever relevant. Your first building outside India is also the first Indian addition to the campus.

How did designing beyond the country’s context shape your approach?

Although the project stemmed from the experience of a small shrine in India, we sought to understand the emotional essence of what a shrine means and how it feels. That emotional memory became our guiding principle. There are subtle nuances that relate to India yet remain universal, such as the hand-hammered brass ceiling and the sound inspired by the resonant hum of a temple bell. While Doshi was Hindu, we both come from multicultural backgrounds, Parsi, Jain, Hindu and Christian, so it was about bringing these influences together. We wanted to keep it fluid, inviting everyone from various backgrounds. The focus was on the human in space and the emotional memory a space can evoke, irrespective of cultural specificity.

What distinguishes the Retreat within the Vitra Campus from its celebrated neighbours?

Conceptually, the Retreat emphasises journey, ambiguity and presence rather than monumentality. Materially, it relies on low-impact steel (XCarb® steel, donated by ArcelorMittal), hand-beaten brass and tactile finishes. It embodies the Panchmahabhuta, the five elements. The Retreat also establishes a silent dialogue with the surrounding buildings, such as Tadao Ando’s Conference Pavilion, which almost seems to embrace it, and Frank Gehry’s Vitra Design Museum, which it frames from within. It seeks not to stand apart but to belong. We imagined the earth itself gently opening to allow the Retreat to emerge, revealing itself rather than being placed upon the ground. Its character as a non-building building distinguishes it from everything else on the campus. It defies definition. It is about feeling and being.

As you lead Studio SANGATH into a new era, how do you balance honouring Doshi’s legacy with shaping a new direction for the studio?

Honouring Doshi’s legacy is about remaining open to new ways of seeing and staying curious. He always encouraged us to find our own voice and search within, while remaining sensitive to our surroundings. That lesson continues to guide us, to evolve with time, explore new approaches, and stay grounded in the principles he valued most: humility, responsiveness to people and experiential depth that fosters dialogue within space. The balance lies in carrying forward the spirit of his teachings, exploring uncharted territories of light, space and emotion to shape a contemporary Indian architectural voice. Finally, why should the world’s architectural gaze turn to India today? What ideas or sensibilities might global architecture be overlooking? We do not believe the world’s architectural gaze needs to turn towards any specific geography. What matters is that we begin to ask deeper questions and encourage critical discourse. Architecture should engage with uncertainty and value ambiguity and the liminality of spaces where meaning is fluid and evolving. It is within this openness and dialogue that new ideas, perspectives and ways of thinking about space can truly emerge.

Read next: How a dormant Brutalist theatre in Ahmedabad reveals Doshi’s provocation

Photograph by Mrudul Pathak Kundu
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